This guide contains the following sections:
Today's Hours
Call Us: (828) 694-1879
Email Us: library@blueridge.edu
Book with one author
Book with two to seven authors
Electronic Books
Note: Use this format if the book you are using is only provided in a digital format or is difficult to find in print. If the work is not directly available online or must be purchased, use "Available from," rather than "Retrieved from," and point readers to where they can find it. For books available in print form and electronic form, include the publish date in parentheses after the author's name.
Journal Article from a Database
NOTE: According to the APA Manual, 6th edition, section 6.32 (pp. 191-192), provide the DOI of an article, if one has been assigned to the content. When a DOI is used, no further retrieval information is required. If no DOI has been assigned to the content, provide the home page URL of the journal publisher. If accessing the article from a private database, you may need to do a quick web search to locate the URL. In general, it is not necessary to include database information.
If each issue of a journal begins on page 1, give the issue number in parentheses immediately after the volume number.
Newspaper Article
NOTE: According to the APA Manual, 6th edition, section 6.32 (pp. 191-199), provide the DOI of an article, if one has been assigned to the content. When a DOI is used, no further retrieval information is required. If no DOI has been assigned to the content, provide the home page URL of the newspaper. If accessing the article from a private database, you may need to do a quick web search to locate the URL. In general, it is not necessary to include database information.
Website with author
Website with no date
Website with no author
NOTES: List as much of the following information as possible (you sometimes have to hunt around to find the information; don't be lazy.) If there is a page like http://www.somesite.com/somepage.htm, and somepage.htm doesn't have the information you're looking for, move up the URL to http://www.somesite.com/
When an Internet document is more than one Web page, provide a URL that links to the home page or entry page for the document. Also, if there isn't a date available for the document use (n.d.) for no date.
If a website was created by an organization rather than named individual authors, use the organization name in place of authors at the beginning of the citation.
Online Video (i.e., YouTube)
Published Interview
Personal Interview
NOTE: No personal communication (such as personal interviews) is included in your reference list. Instead parenthetically cite the communicator's name, the phrase "personal communication," and the date of the communication in your main text only.
For example:
(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).
A.P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002).